| Crop | Rice (Oryza sativa) |
| Disease | Foot rot / Bakanae disease |
| Pathogen | Fusarium moniliforme (Gibberella Fujikuroi) |
| Group | Fungi |
- Infected plants several inches taller than normal plants in seedbed and field.
- Thin plants with yellowish green leaves and pale green flag leaves.
- Partially filled grains, sterile, or empty grains for surviving plant at maturity.
- Reduced tillering and drying leaves at late infection.
| Pathogen | Fusarium moniliforme (Gibberella Fujikuroi) |
| Mycelium | Hyphae are branched and septate |
| Asexual reproduction | Microconidia : Hyaline, single celled and oval. Macroconidia : Slightly sickle shaped, and two to five celled. |
| Sexual reproduction | Ascospores : The asci are cylindrical, piston-shaped, flattened above, and are 90-102 x 7-9 µm. They are 4- to 6-spored but seldom 8-spored. |
| Resting spore | Sclerotia : The sclerotia are 80 x 100 µm. They are dark blue and spherical. |
| Reproductive Structures | ||
| Mode | Spore | Fruiting Body |
| Asexual reproduction | Microconidia, Macroconidia | |
| Sexual reproduction | Ascospores | |
| Favorable Conditions | |
| Primary spread | Seed borne |
| Secondary spread | |
| Collateral Hosts |
| Kingdom | Fungi |
| Division | Ascomycota |
| Class | Sordariomycetes |
| Order | Hypocreales |
| Family | Nectriaceae |
| Genus | Fusarium |
| Species | F. moniliforme |
- Clean seeds should be used to minimize the occurrence of the disease.
- Salt water can be used to separate lightweight, infected seeds from seed lots and thereby reduce seedborne inoculum.
- Seed treatment using fungicides such as thiram, thiophanate-methyl, or benomyl is effective before planting.
- Seed treatment with organo mercurials - Agrosan GN, Ceresan @ 2 g a.i./kg seed is highly effective; steeping seeds in 1% CuSO4 solution or 2% formalin also recommended.
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