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The following images are intended solely for laboratory purposes. Comparisons with standing crops should not be made.
Wheat Stem Rust
| Crop | Wheat |
| Disease name | Stem rust / Black rust |
| Causal organism | Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici |
| Spores | Urediospores (repeating, asexual spores, brown, oval 1 celled). Teliospores (2 celled, pointed apex) |
| Remarks |
Pulse Dry root rot
| Crop | Chickpea |
| Disease name | Dry root rot |
| Causal organism | Rhizoctonia bataticola |
| Spores | Sclerotia (irregular shaped) |
| Remarks |
Sunflower Powdery Mildew
| Crop | Sunflower |
| Disease name | Powdery Mildew |
| Causal organism | Golovinomyces cichoracearum |
| Spores | Ectophytic, branched, septate mycelium. Short conidiophore + Chain of conidia (hyaline, single celled) |
| Remarks |
Sunflower Alternaria leaf blight
| Crop | Sunflower |
| Disease name | Alternaria Leaf Blight |
| Causal organism | Alternaria helianthi |
| Spores | Conidia - Cylindrical |
| Remarks |
Sunflower Root rot
| Crop | Sunflower |
| Disease name | Root Rot / Charcoal Rot |
| Causal organism | Rhizoctonia bataticola / M. phaseolina |
| Spores | Irregular shaped Sclerotia. Sexual - Pycnidia |
| Remarks |
Sunflower Head rot
| Crop | Sunflower |
| Disease name | Head Rot / Capitulum Rot |
| Causal organism | Rhizopus sp. |
| Spores | Sporangia |
| Remarks |
Cotton Cercospora spot
| Crop | Cotton |
| Disease name | Cercospora Leaf Spot |
| Causal organism | Cercospora gossypiana |
| Spores | |
| Remarks |
Cotton Reddening
| Crop | Cotton |
| Disease name | Seems like this disease/disorder was caused by hoppers/Mg deficiency. Correct us! |
| Causal organism | |
| Spores | |
| Remarks |
Cotton Black arm (bacterial blight)
| Crop | Cotton |
| Disease name | Bacterial Blight / Black Arm |
| Causal organism | Xanthomonas campestris p.v malvacearum |
| Spores | Non-spore forming, gram negative |
| Remarks |
Cotton wilt
| Crop | Cotton |
| Disease name | Wilt |
| Causal organism | Fusarium oxysporum f.sp vasinfectum |
| Spores | Macroconidia, Microconidia and Chlamydospores |
| Remarks |
Sugarcane Red rot
| Crop | Sugarcane |
| Disease name | Red Rot |
| Causal organism | Colletotrichum falcatum |
| Spores | Conidia (in acervuli) & ascospores (in perithecia) |
| Remarks |
Sugarcane Whip smut
| Crop | Sugarcane |
| Disease name | Smut |
| Causal organism | Ustilago scitaminea |
| Spores | Echinulated small smut spores |
| Remarks |
Striga (Partial root parasite)
| Crop | Sugarcane |
| Disease name | Phanerogamic Parasite - Striga |
| Causal organism | Striga euphrasioides |
| Character | Partial root parasite |
| Remarks |
Mango Die back
| Crop | Mango |
| Disease name | Die Back |
| Causal organism | Lasiodiplodia theobromae |
| Spores | |
| Remarks | Drying of twigs from tip downwards |
Mango Sooty mould
| Crop | Mango |
| Disease name | Sooty Mould |
| Causal organism | Capnodium mangiferae |
| Spores | Torula, Trichothecium, Coniothecium, Brachysporium, Ascospores |
| Remarks |
Mango Anthracnose
| Crop | Mango |
| Disease name | Anthracnose |
| Causal organism | Gloeosporium gloeosporiodes |
| Spores | Conidia (in acervuli - appears as pinkish dots) |
| Remarks |
Sapota Leaf spot
| Crop | Sapota |
| Disease name | Leaf Spot |
| Causal organism | Phaeophleospora indica |
| Spores | Conidia |
| Remarks | Pink to dark brown spots |
Sapota Rust
| Crop | Sapota |
| Disease name | Red Rust |
| Causal organism | Cephaleuros sp. |
| Spores | |
| Remarks |
Sapota Flat limb
| Crop | Sapota |
| Disease name | Flat Limb |
| Causal organism | Botryodiplodia theobromae |
| Spores | Conidia, Pycnidia |
| Remarks | Flat and twisted branches |
Citrus Canker
| Crop | Citrus |
| Disease name | Canker |
| Causal organism | Xanthomonas axonopodis p.v citri |
| Character | Gram negative, rod shaped |
| Remarks |
Citrus Tristeza
| Crop | Citrus |
| Disease name | Tristeza / Quick Decline |
| Causal organism | Citrus tristeza virus Vector : Black citrus aphid (Toxoptera citricidus / T. auranti) |
| Character | RNA virus |
| Remarks |
Loranthus (Partial stem parasite)
| Crop | Citrus |
| Disease name | Phanerogamic parasite Loranthus |
| Causal organism | Dendrophthoe spp. |
| Spores | |
| Remarks |
Jack Rhizopus rot
| Crop | Jack Fruit |
| Disease name | Rhizopus Fruit Rot |
| Causal organism | Rhizopus atrocarpi |
| Spores | Sporangia (mycelium with rhizoids) |
| Remarks |
Apple Scab
| Crop | Apple |
| Disease name | Scab |
| Causal organism | Venturia inaequalis |
| Spores | Conidia (Truncate at base, pointed at tip). Pseudothecium (boat shaped ascospores) |
| Remarks |
Peach Leaf curl
| Crop | Peach |
| Disease name | Peach Leaf Curl |
| Causal organism | Taphrina deformans |
| Spores | Naked asci - 8 ascospores |
| Remarks |
Cucurbit Downy Mildew
| Crop | Cucurbits |
| Disease name | Downy Mildew |
| Causal organism | Pseudoperonospora cubensis |
| Spores | Asexual - Dichotomously branched (acute angled) sporangiophore : Zoospores. Sexual - Oospore. |
| Remarks |
Cucurbit Yellow mosaic virus
| Crop | Cucurbit |
| Disease name | Cucurbits Yellow Mosaic |
| Causal organism | Cucurbits Yellow mosaic virus Vector : Myzus persicae & Aphis gossypii |
| Characters | |
| Remarks |
Potato Late blight
| Crop | Potato |
| Disease name | Late Blight |
| Causal organism | Phytophthora infestans |
| Spores | Zoospores, Oospores |
| Remarks |
Potato Ring rot
| Crop | Potato |
| Disease name | Potato Ring Rot |
| Causal organism | Ralstonia solanacearum |
| Characters | |
| Remarks |
Cassava Mosaic
| Crop | Cassava |
| Disease name | Indian Cassava Mosaic |
| Causal organism | Indian Cassava Mosiac Virus (ICMV) Vector : White fly - Bemisia tabaci |
| Character | DNA virus |
| Remarks |
Ginger Rhizome rot
| Crop | Ginger |
| Disease name | Rhizome Rot |
| Causal organism | Pythium aphanidermatum |
| Spores | Zoospores & Oospores |
| Remarks | Same pathogen causes rhizome rot in turmeric also. |
Turmeric Leaf Blotch
| Crop | Turmeric |
| Disease name | Leaf Blotch |
| Causal organism | Taphrina maculans |
| Spores | Naked asci - 8 ascospores |
| Remarks | Spots on both side of leaf |
Onion Soft rot
| Crop | Onion |
| Disease name | Soft Rot |
| Causal organism | Pectobacterium carotovorum |
| Character | |
| Remarks |
Onion Black mould
| Crop | Onion |
| Disease name | Black Mould |
| Causal organism | Aspergillus niger |
| Spores | Conidia |
| Remarks |
Cardamom Capsule rot
| Crop | Cardamom |
| Disease name | Capsule Rot / Azhukal Disease |
| Causal organism | Phytophthora nicotianae var. nicotianae |
| Spores | Zoospores & Oospores |
| Remarks |
Cardamom Chenthal/Leaf blight
| Crop | Cardamom |
| Disease name | Chenthal / Leaf Blight |
| Causal organism | Colletotrichum gloeosporioides |
| Spores | Conidia (in acervuli) and Ascospores |
| Remarks |
Pepper Quick wilt
| Crop | Black Pepper |
| Disease name | Quick Wilt / Foot Rot Read More |
| Causal organism | Phytophthora capsici |
| Spores | Sporangia, Oospores |
| Remarks |
Rose Black spot
| Crop | Rose |
| Disease name | Black Spot |
| Causal organism | Diplocarpon rosae |
| Spores | Fusiform 2 celled Conidia (in acervuli). Ascospores (asci in apothecium) |
| Remarks |
Rose Stem gall
| Crop | Rose |
| Disease name | Stem Gall |
| Causal organism | Agrobacterium tumefaciens Correct us! |
| Character | |
| Remarks |
Jasmine Cercospora leaf spot
| Crop | Jasmine |
| Disease name | Cercospora Leaf Spot |
| Causal organism | Cercospora jasminicola |
| Spores | Needle shaped Conidia. Ascospores (in pseudothecia). |
| Remarks |
Aloe Leaf spot
| Crop | Aloe |
| Disease name | Leaf Spot |
| Causal organism | Alternaria alternata |
| Spores | Conidia |
| Remarks |
Spores of selected diseases
Acervuli
| Structure Name | Acervuli |
| Organisms | Colletotrichum spp. |
Phytophthora
| Structure Name | Sporangiophore |
| Organisms | Phytophthora spp. |
Alternaria
| Structure Name | Alternaria Conidia |
| Organisms | Alternaria spp. |
Cercospora
| Structure Name | Cercospora Conidia |
| Organisms | Cercospora spp. |
Macrophomina
| Structure Name | Sclerotia |
| Organisms | Macrophomina spp. |
Mushroom Species
Milky Mushroom
| Name | Milky Mushroom |
| Remarks | Calocybe indica |
Oyster Mushroom
| Name | Oyster Mushroom |
| Sc. Name | Pleurotus sp. |
Spawn Mother Culture
| Name | Spawn Mother Culture |
| Character | Mushroom fungus grown on grain based medium. About 300g/bag. |
For management practices, click here.
Image Credits : Aarcha SS (B.Sc. (Hons.) Agriculture, TNAU)